Classification of Computer Networks by Range

Computer Networks can be divided into the following types on the basis of the area which they cover or in other words, on the basis of the range they have.

Network Classification by Range:

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Wireless LAN (WLAN)
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network utilized for information/data transmission among devices like  computers, phones and PDAs. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication). A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a PAN carried over wireless network technologies for example IrDA, Wireless USB and Bluetooth. The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters. A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB.

A typical household Personal Area Network (PAN); Image courtesy techfuels.com

Local Area Network (LAN)

A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that encompasses a relatively small area. Most LANs are restricted to a solitary building or group of buildings. Most LANs connect workstations and PCs. Each node (individual computer) in a LAN has its own CPU with which it executes programs, but it also is able to access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This implies that  can numerous clients can share devices connected to the same LAN for example printers, as well as information/ data. LANs are fit for transmitting data at very fast rates, but the distances are limited.

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (commonly radio), and usually provides a connection through an access point to the wider Internet. This gives clients/ users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Most present day  WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, advertised under the Wi-Fi brand name.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network in which two or more computers or communicating devices or networks which are geographically separated but in same metropolitan city and are connected to each other, hence combining to form a MAN. Metropolitan limits are determined by local municipal corporations; the larger the city, the bigger the MAN, the smaller a metro city, smaller the MAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a very large territory  (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecom lines. Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay information/ data among employees, customers, buyers, and suppliers from diverse  geographical locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication permits a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet can be viewed as a WAN too, and is utilized by businesses, governments, organizations, and people for practically any purpose imaginable.

A descriptive comparison between LAN, MAN and WANs around the world; Image Courtesy technews365.info

Hence According to classification of Computer Networks by Range, we can safely say that:

Following this article, I'd advise you to see our general post on Computer Network Classification and use it as a launchpad for studying the other classifications as well. Thanks you :)